Sound charts
We all have similar tongues, lips, teeth, tongues and throats. The consonsant sounds of languages may be the same or there may be a couple of similar sounds in a language that are reprensented by just one sound in English. Or some English sounds may not exist in other languages. Use these charts to figure out which sounds are the same and different.
Comparative consonants chart (English, Vietnamese, Hmong, Spanish, Russian, Ukrainian, Armenian)
Compative vowels charts (English, Vietnamese, Hmong, Spanish, Russian, Ukrainian, Armenian)
Threshold Vocabulary
Which words are the most frequent in English? Which ones form the "threshold" for understanding written English? We worked with 2000 words in the General Service List (GSL) and about 600 words from the Academic Word List (AWL). The Threshold Vocabulary words are the first 1000 words in the GSL. The online Vocabulary Profiler demonstrates the frequency of words in any text.
Notes on vocabulary learning research (Lewis)
- Powerpoint that provides the rationale for a focus on Threshold Vocabulary
- Spreadsheet of the 2000 GSL words (with frequency numbers) and the AWL words (with sublist numbers). The GSL words are crossmatched to Dolch, Beck, Ogden, Oxford and Sitton lists (downloads as an excel file).
- Threshold Vocabulary weekly lists for 2007-08 (random sort 1)
- Threshold Vocabulary weekly lists for 2008-09 (random sort 2)
- Threshold Vocabulary weekly lists for 2009-10 (random sort 3)
- Threshold Vocabulary (GSL 1000 words), alpha list
- Threshold Vocabulary (GSL 1000 words), frequency list
- Academic Word List (Coxhead)
26 Hmong proverbs, word-by-word translation into English, and the "glossed" English meaning.